UV teknolojileri
Aşağıdaki UV sistemlerini tanımlamak için kullanılan basınç terimi, UV sisteminde kullanılan cıva lambasının stilini ve arıtılan suyun basıncını değil, lambanın içindeki gazın basıncını ifade eder. Orta-basınç lambaları 200 ila 400 nm arasında değişen sürekli bir çıkış spektrumuna sahiptir ve spektrum her üreticiye özgüdür. Düşük-basınç lambaları, biri 185 nm'de ve diğeri 254 nm'de olmak üzere iki dar UV çıkış hattı üretir. 185 nm'lik hat, havada ozon üretir ve lambayı yapmak için kullanılan uygun kuvars seçilerek birçok uygulama için filtrelenir.
Medium pressure. Medium-pressure systems have been used primarily for water disinfection for many years. These systems typically have a stainless steel chamber that fits in-line with the plumbing and has the lamp located perpendicular to the flow. This makes for a compact system which can be retrofitted to existing plumbing. The controls and ballast are typically housed in a cabinet nearby. The technology does, however, have some drawbacks when compared with low-pressure units. Medium-pressure systems use more energy, have a shorter lamp life and operate at a much higher lamp surface temperature (up to 1,600 degree /2,912 degree F ) than a comparable low-pressure system.
Low pressure – conventional. The most recognizable UV systems in use today are systems that utilize low-pressure mercury lamps. These units are typically constructed in a stainless steel pressure vessel with the lamps installed parallel to the water flow. Chamber diameter, the number of lamps and the lamp length determine the capacity of the equipment. With minor improvements, this design has been in place for over 50 years. A major drawback to this design (as well as the medium pressure systems discussed above) is the fact that stainless steel absorbs about 80 percent of the UV light that impinges on its surface. This greatly increases the number of lamps and energy consumption required to achieve the desired level of UV treatment, which has added to the market perception that UV treatment carries a high operating cost.
Earlier attempts to reduce operating costs. There have been a number of attempts to improve the performance of UV systems by replacing the stainless steel-walled chambers with designs that overcome the inherent lossy (dissipation of electrical energy) nature of conventional chambers. A number of designs use an external reflector made of aluminum. Aluminum has a much higher level of reflectivity of UV (generally 80 to 90 percent or more) than stainless steel. In one such design, the flow tube is in the center, with lamps and parabolic reflectors surrounding the flow. This design provides an improved reflection of the UV, however, most of the UV is outside the flow of water, limiting the overall efficiency. Another drawback is that the systems can get quite large for higher flows.
Diğer sistemler, bir yüzeye çok sığ bir açıyla gelen ışığın neredeyse tamamen yansıtılması özelliğini kullanır. Bu sistemler, uzun bir akış tüpünün bir veya iki ucunda lambalara sahiptir, böylece akış tüpü yüzeyine ulaşan UV ışığının çoğu suya geri yansıtılır. Uzun akış borusunun ucundan ışığı verimli bir şekilde sokmak, bu oda tasarımının verimliliğini sınırlayan zorluklardan biridir.
